How To Spot Frostbite During Freezing Temperatures

When temperatures drop below zero, frostbite becomes a serious risk and it can happen faster than you think.

Look out for signs like redness, numbness, or pain in any part of your skin.

You might also notice white or grayish-yellow patches or skin that feels waxy or firm.

If you think you have frostbite, go inside, change into dry clothes and immediately seek medical attention.

What are the signs of frostbite and hypothermia?

The forecast for a blast of freezing temperatures in Eastern Oklahoma has led many to ask about the dangers of frostbite and hypothermia.

According to the CDC, some symptoms of hypothermia are shivering, exhaustion, confusion, and memory loss. Signs of frostbite include white or grayish-yellow skin, skin that feels firm or waxy, and numbness. "Really the key when it comes to frostbite is prevention," said Dr. Clayton Nelson, an orthopedic hand surgeon with SSM Health. "Avoid cold exposure. Especially these extreme temperatures."

When the temperature is zero degrees Fahrenheit or below, it takes about 30 minutes for exposed skin to get frostbite.

In cases of frostbite, blood vessels constrict themselves to keep the core of a person's body as warm as possible. 

"When that happens, the extremities that are exposed are at risk because the lack of blood flow cannot warm those extremities appropriately," Nelson said.

Oklahoma's State Department of Health has an injury prevention program that shares tips for winter weather.

"Make sure you're wearing shoes that are sure-footed," said Christian Bonds, a coordinator for the program. "That you're not walking on ice if you have the option to go a different direction."

Bonds also said people respond differently to cold weather. An apparent symptom in one person may not be the same for another. But, if in doubt, seeking medical help is a smart option.

Bonds and Nelson also recommend getting people inside and away from the frigid temperatures if beginning to experience frostbite or hypothermia. Removing any wet or cold clothing and replacing it with dry clothing is important. But, both say not to overexpose the body to intense heat. Any heat sources should be warm to the touch, according to the CDC. 

"The rewarming process can stop some of that tissue damage, and if done appropriately, can stop further damage from occurring," said Nelson.